Cov kab xev, tshuab modulator (mach-zeathnder modulator) yog dav siv hauv kev sib txuas lus zoo kho qhov muag, laser sensing thiab roff tshuab vim tias zoo electro-outic nyhuv. Lub R-AM raws li MZ cov qauv thiab X-txiav tsim, muaj cov yam ntxwv lub cev muaj zog thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov kev sim thiab kev lag luam.