Nanolaser yog ib hom micro thiab nano ntaus ntawv uas yog ua los ntawm nanomaterials xws li nanowire ua ib tug resonator thiab muaj peev xwm emit laser nyob rau hauv photoexcitation los yog hluav taws xob excitation. Qhov loj ntawm lub laser no feem ntau tsuas yog pua pua ntawm microns lossis txawm kaum ntawm microns, thiab txoj kab uas hla yog mus txog qhov kev txiav txim nanometer, uas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm yav tom ntej nyias zaj duab xis zaub, kev sib xyaw optics thiab lwm yam.
Classification ntawm nanolaser:
1. Nanowire laser
Xyoo 2001, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of California, Berkeley, hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tsim lub ntiaj teb lub laser me tshaj plaws - nanolasers - ntawm nanooptic hlau tsuas yog ib txhiab ntawm qhov ntev ntawm tib neeg cov plaub hau. Lub laser no tsis tsuas yog emits ultraviolet lasers, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem hloov kho kom emit lasers xws li xiav mus rau ultraviolet tob. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem hu ua oriented epiphytation los tsim lub laser los ntawm cov ntshiab zinc oxide crystals. Lawv thawj "cultured" nanowires, uas yog, tsim rau ntawm ib tug kub txheej nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 20nm mus rau 150nm thiab ib tug ntev ntawm 10,000 nm ntshiab zinc oxide nyob ntawm tej. Tom qab ntawd, thaum cov kws tshawb fawb tau qhib cov ntshiab zinc oxide crystals nyob rau hauv nanowires nrog lwm lub laser nyob rau hauv lub tsev xog paj, cov ntshiab zinc oxide crystals emissions laser nrog ib tug wavelength ntawm tsuas yog 17nm. Xws li nanolasers thaum kawg tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj thiab txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ntawm lub khoos phis tawj disks thiab photonic computers.
2. Ultraviolet nanolaser
Tom qab lub advent ntawm micro-lasers, micro-disk lasers, micro-ntiv nplhaib lasers, thiab quantum avalanche lasers, chemist Yang Peidong thiab nws cov npoj yaig ntawm University of California, Berkeley, ua chav tsev kub nanolasers. Qhov no zinc oxide nanolaser tuaj yeem tso tawm lub laser nrog ib kab dav ntawm tsawg dua 0.3nm thiab lub wavelength ntawm 385nm nyob rau hauv lub teeb excitation, uas yog suav hais tias yog lub laser me tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab ib tug ntawm cov thawj cov khoom siv tswv yim tsim siv nanotechnology. Hauv thawj theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kwv yees tias ZnO nanolaser no yooj yim rau kev tsim, siab ci, me me, thiab kev ua tau zoo sib npaug los yog zoo dua li GaN xiav lasers. Vim tias muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog ua kom muaj zog nanowire arrays, zno nanolasers tuaj yeem nkag tau ntau daim ntawv thov uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau nrog lub gaas li niaj hnub no. Yuav kom loj hlob xws li lasers, ZnO nanowire yog synthesized los ntawm cov roj thauj txoj kev uas catalyzes epitaxial siv lead ua kev loj hlob. Ua ntej, sapphire substrate yog coated nrog ib txheej ntawm 1 nm ~ 3.5nm tuab kub zaj duab xis, thiab ces muab tso rau hauv ib lub nkoj alumina, cov khoom thiab cov substrate yog rhuab mus rau 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C nyob rau hauv lub ammonia ntws los tsim. Zn chav, thiab ces Zn chav yog thauj mus rau substrate. Nanowires ntawm 2μm ~ 10μm nrog hexagonal cross-sectional cheeb tsam tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm 2min ~ 10min. Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias ZnO nanowire tsim cov kab noj hniav ntuj nrog lub cheeb ntawm 20nm txog 150nm, thiab feem ntau (95%) ntawm nws txoj kab uas hla yog 70nm txog 100nm. Txhawm rau kawm txog kev txhawb nqa emissions ntawm nanowires, cov kws tshawb fawb optically tso cov qauv hauv tsev cog khoom nrog plaub qhov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Nd: YAG laser (266nm wavelength, 3ns pulse width). Thaum lub sij hawm evolution ntawm emission spectrum, lub teeb yog lamed nrog lub zog ntawm lub twj tso kua mis. Thaum lub lasing tshaj qhov pib ntawm ZnO nanowire (kwv yees 40kW / cm), qhov siab tshaj plaws point yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv lub emission spectrum. Cov kab dav ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws no tsawg dua 0.3nm, uas yog ntau dua 1/50 tsawg dua li cov kab dav dav los ntawm emission vertex hauv qab qhov pib. Cov kab nqaim no thiab kev nce nrawm hauv kev siv hluav taws xob ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb los txiav txim siab tias qhov kev tawm dag zog tau tshwm sim tiag tiag hauv cov nanowires. Yog li ntawd, qhov no nanowire array tuaj yeem ua raws li lub ntuj resonator thiab yog li dhau los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws micro laser qhov chaw. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov luv-yoj nanolaser no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev lag luam kho qhov muag, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia thiab nanoanalyzer.
3. Quantum zoo lasers
Ua ntej thiab tom qab xyoo 2010, txoj kab dav etched ntawm lub semiconductor nti yuav ncav cuag 100nm lossis tsawg dua, thiab tsuas muaj ob peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob txav mus rau hauv Circuit Court, thiab qhov nce thiab txo qis ntawm cov hluav taws xob yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Circuit Court. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, quantum zoo lasers tau yug los. Nyob rau hauv quantum mechanics, lub peev xwm teb uas txwv kev txav ntawm electrons thiab quantizes lawv yog hu ua quantum zoo. Qhov kev txwv quantum no yog siv los tsim quantum zog theem nyob rau hauv lub active txheej ntawm lub semiconductor laser, thiaj li hais tias cov hluav taws xob hloov ntawm lub zog theem dominates lub siab tawg ntawm lub laser, uas yog ib tug quantum zoo laser. Muaj ob hom quantum zoo lasers: quantum kab lasers thiab quantum dot lasers.
① Quantum kab laser
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov quantum hlau lasers uas muaj 1,000 npaug ntau dua li cov lasers ib txwm muaj, ua ib kauj ruam loj rau kev tsim cov khoos phis tawj thiab kev sib txuas lus sai dua. Lub laser, uas tuaj yeem ua kom lub suab, yees duab, Internet thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas lus ntawm fiber ntau-optic tes hauj lwm, tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Yale University, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS hauv New Jersey thiab Max Planck Institute for Physics hauv Dresden, Lub teb chaws Yelemees. Cov lasers siab dua no yuav txo qhov kev xav tau ntawm Repeaters kim, uas tau teeb tsa txhua 80km (50 mais) raws txoj kab kev sib txuas lus, rov tsim cov laser pulses uas tsis tshua muaj zog thaum lawv taug kev los ntawm fiber ntau (Repeaters).
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-15-2023