Nanolaser yog ib hom khoom siv micro thiab nano uas ua los ntawm cov khoom siv nano xws li nanowire ua lub resonator thiab tuaj yeem tso tawm laser hauv qab photoexcitation lossis hluav taws xob excitation. Qhov loj ntawm lub laser no feem ntau tsuas yog pua pua microns lossis txawm tias kaum tawm microns, thiab txoj kab uas hla yog txog li nanometer kev txiav txim, uas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm yav tom ntej zaj duab xis nyias zaub, kev sib xyaw ua ke optics thiab lwm yam teb.
Kev faib tawm ntawm nanolaser:
1. Nanowire laser
Xyoo 2001, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of California, Berkeley, hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tau tsim lub laser me tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb - nanolasers - ntawm cov xov hlau nanooptic tsuas yog ib feem txhiab ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov plaub hau tib neeg. Lub laser no tsis yog tsuas yog tso tawm ultraviolet lasers, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tso tawm lasers xws li xiav mus rau ultraviolet tob. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv cov txheej txheem txheem hu ua oriented epiphytation los tsim lub laser los ntawm cov siv lead ua zinc oxide ntshiab. Lawv thawj zaug "cultured" nanowires, uas yog, tsim rau ntawm ib txheej kub nrog lub cheeb ntawm 20nm txog 150nm thiab ntev ntawm 10,000 nm ntshiab zinc oxide xov hlau. Tom qab ntawd, thaum cov kws tshawb fawb qhib cov siv lead ua zinc oxide ntshiab hauv cov nanowires nrog lwm lub laser hauv qab lub tsev cog khoom, cov siv lead ua zinc oxide ntshiab tso tawm lub laser nrog qhov ntev ntawm tsuas yog 17nm. Cov nanolasers zoo li no thaum kawg tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab txhim kho lub peev xwm khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov disks computer thiab cov khoos phis tawj photonic.
2. Ultraviolet nanolaser
Tom qab muaj cov micro-lasers, micro-disk lasers, micro-ring lasers, thiab quantum avalanche lasers, kws tshuaj Yang Peidong thiab nws cov npoj yaig ntawm University of California, Berkeley, tau tsim cov nanolasers kub hauv chav. Lub zinc oxide nanolaser no tuaj yeem tso tawm lub laser nrog txoj kab dav tsawg dua 0.3nm thiab wavelength ntawm 385nm nyob rau hauv lub teeb excitation, uas suav hais tias yog lub laser me tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov khoom siv ua tau zoo tsim los ntawm kev siv nanotechnology. Hauv theem pib ntawm kev txhim kho, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kwv yees tias ZnO nanolaser no yooj yim rau kev tsim khoom, lub teeb ci siab, me me, thiab kev ua tau zoo sib npaug lossis zoo dua li GaN xiav lasers. Vim yog lub peev xwm los ua cov nanowire arrays siab, ZnO nanolasers tuaj yeem nkag mus rau ntau daim ntawv thov uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau nrog cov khoom siv GaAs niaj hnub no. Yuav kom loj hlob cov lasers zoo li no, ZnO nanowire yog synthesized los ntawm txoj kev thauj roj uas ua rau epitaxial crystal loj hlob. Ua ntej, lub substrate sapphire yog coated nrog ib txheej ntawm 1 nm ~ 3.5nm tuab kub zaj duab xis, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau ntawm lub nkoj alumina, cov khoom siv thiab lub substrate raug cua sov rau 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C hauv cov dej ntws ammonia los tsim cov pa Zn, thiab tom qab ntawd cov pa Zn raug thauj mus rau lub substrate. Nanowires ntawm 2μm ~ 10μm nrog thaj tsam hexagonal cross-sectional tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob ntawm 2min ~ 10min. Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias ZnO nanowire tsim ib lub qhov laser ntuj nrog lub cheeb ntawm 20nm txog 150nm, thiab feem ntau (95%) ntawm nws lub cheeb yog 70nm txog 100nm. Txhawm rau kawm txog kev tso tawm ntawm cov nanowires, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom cov qauv hauv lub tsev cog khoom nrog qhov tso zis harmonic thib plaub ntawm Nd: YAG laser (266nm wavelength, 3ns pulse dav). Thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm cov spectrum emission, lub teeb raug lamed nrog kev nce ntawm lub zog twj tso kua mis. Thaum lub lasering tshaj qhov txwv ntawm ZnO nanowire (kwv yees li 40kW / cm), qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws yuav tshwm sim hauv cov spectrum emission. Qhov dav ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws no yog tsawg dua 0.3nm, uas yog ntau dua 1/50 tsawg dua qhov dav ntawm cov kab los ntawm qhov emission vertex hauv qab qhov txwv. Cov kab nqaim no thiab kev nce sai ntawm qhov muaj zog ntawm emission ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb xaus lus tias qhov kev tso tawm stimulated yeej tshwm sim hauv cov nanowires no. Yog li ntawd, cov nanowire array no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua lub resonator ntuj thiab yog li ua qhov chaw zoo tagnrho micro laser. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov luv luv-wavelength nanolaser no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov teb ntawm kev suav optical, kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab nanoanalyzer.
3. Cov lasers quantum zoo
Ua ntej thiab tom qab xyoo 2010, qhov dav ntawm kab uas tau kos rau ntawm lub semiconductor chip yuav ncav cuag 100nm lossis tsawg dua, thiab yuav muaj ob peb lub electrons txav mus rau hauv lub voj voog, thiab qhov nce thiab txo qis ntawm ib lub electron yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub voj voog. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, quantum well lasers tau yug los. Hauv quantum mechanics, ib lub teb muaj peev xwm uas txwv tsis pub cov electrons txav mus los thiab ntsuas lawv hu ua quantum well. Qhov kev txwv quantum no yog siv los tsim cov theem zog quantum hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm semiconductor laser, yog li ntawd qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob ntawm cov theem zog tswj hwm qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm lub laser, uas yog quantum well laser. Muaj ob hom quantum well lasers: quantum line lasers thiab quantum dot lasers.
① Quantum kab laser
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov lasers quantum wire uas muaj zog dua li cov lasers ib txwm muaj 1,000 npaug, ua ib kauj ruam loj rau kev tsim cov khoos phis tawj thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas lus sai dua. Lub laser, uas tuaj yeem ua kom ceev ntawm lub suab, video, Internet thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas lus hla cov tes hauj lwm fiber-optic, tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Yale University, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS hauv New Jersey thiab Max Planck Institute for Physics hauv Dresden, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Cov lasers muaj zog dua no yuav txo qhov xav tau cov Repeaters kim, uas tau teeb tsa txhua 80km (50 mais) raws txoj kab sib txuas lus, dua tsim cov laser pulses uas tsis muaj zog thaum lawv mus ncig los ntawm cov fiber (Repeaters).
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Rau Hli-15-2023