Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob microwave, raws li lub npe qhia, yog qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm microwave thiabkev siv hluav taws xob optoelectronicsCov microwaves thiab cov nthwv dej teeb yog cov nthwv dej electromagnetic, thiab cov zaus sib txawv ntau yam, thiab cov khoom thiab cov thev naus laus zis tsim tawm hauv lawv cov teb sib txawv heev. Ua ke, peb tuaj yeem siv qhov zoo ntawm ib leeg, tab sis peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntawv thov tshiab thiab cov yam ntxwv uas nyuaj rau ua tiav.
Kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muagyog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm microwaves thiab photoelectrons. Kev sib txuas lus wireless thaum ntxov hauv xov tooj thiab telegraph, kev tsim, kev nthuav dav thiab kev txais cov teeb liab, txhua yam siv cov khoom siv microwave. Cov nthwv dej electromagnetic qis zaus yog siv thaum pib vim tias qhov ntau zaus yog me me thiab lub peev xwm channel rau kev xa xov yog me me. Kev daws teeb meem yog kom nce qhov zaus ntawm cov teeb liab xa mus, qhov siab dua qhov zaus, ntau cov peev txheej spectrum. Tab sis cov teeb liab zaus siab hauv huab cua kev nthuav dav poob yog loj, tab sis kuj yooj yim raug thaiv los ntawm cov teeb meem. Yog tias siv cov cable, qhov poob ntawm cov cable yog loj, thiab kev xa mus deb yog teeb meem. Kev tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau cov teeb meem no.Cov khoom siv fiber ntaumuaj kev poob qis heev thiab yog tus nqa khoom zoo heev rau kev xa cov teeb liab hla kev deb. Qhov ntau zaus ntawm cov nthwv dej teeb pom kev zoo dua li ntawm microwaves thiab tuaj yeem xa ntau txoj kev sib txawv tib lub sijhawm. Vim yog cov txiaj ntsig no ntawmkev xa hluav taws xob pom, kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau tau dhau los ua tus txha nraub qaum ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no.
Kev sib txuas lus optical muaj keeb kwm ntev, kev tshawb fawb thiab daim ntawv thov yog dav heev thiab paub tab, ntawm no tsis yog hais ntxiv. Daim ntawv no feem ntau qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb tshiab ntawm microwave optoelectronics hauv xyoo tas los no tsis yog kev sib txuas lus optical. Microwave optoelectronics feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem thiab cov thev naus laus zis hauv thaj chaw ntawm optoelectronics ua tus nqa khoom los txhim kho thiab ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab daim ntawv thov uas nyuaj rau ua tiav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob microwave ib txwm muaj. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm daim ntawv thov, nws feem ntau suav nrog peb yam hauv qab no.
Thawj qhov yog kev siv cov optoelectronics los tsim cov teeb liab microwave ua haujlwm siab, suab nrov qis, los ntawm X-band mus txog rau THz band.
Qhov thib ob, kev ua cov teeb liab microwave. Xws li kev ncua sijhawm, kev lim dej, kev hloov pauv zaus, kev txais thiab lwm yam.
Qhov thib peb, kev xa cov teeb liab analog.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, tus sau tsuas yog qhia txog thawj ntu, lub cim microwave. Cov nthwv dej microwave millimeter ib txwm muaj feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm iii_V microelectronic Cheebtsam. Nws cov kev txwv muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: Ua ntej, rau cov zaus siab xws li 100GHz saum toj no, cov microelectronics ib txwm muaj peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob tsawg dua thiab tsawg dua, rau cov teeb liab THz zaus siab dua, lawv ua tsis tau dab tsi. Qhov thib ob, txhawm rau kom txo cov suab nrov theem thiab txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm zaus, lub cuab yeej qub yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw kub qis heev. Qhov thib peb, nws nyuaj rau ua tiav ntau yam kev hloov pauv zaus. Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem no, cov thev naus laus zis optoelectronic tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
1. Los ntawm qhov sib txawv zaus ntawm ob lub teeb liab laser sib txawv, lub tshuab photodetector siab zaus siv los hloov cov teeb liab microwave, raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 1.
Daim Duab 1. Daim duab qhia txog cov microwaves uas tsim los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm obcov lasers.
Qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog cov qauv yooj yim, tuaj yeem tsim cov millimeter nthwv dej siab heev thiab txawm tias THz zaus teeb liab, thiab los ntawm kev kho qhov zaus ntawm lub laser tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam kev hloov pauv zaus ceev, sweep zaus. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias qhov dav kab lossis theem suab nrov ntawm qhov sib txawv zaus teeb liab tsim los ntawm ob lub teeb liab laser tsis sib xws yog qhov loj heev, thiab qhov ruaj khov zaus tsis siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias siv lub semiconductor laser nrog lub ntim me me tab sis qhov dav kab loj (~ MHz) siv. Yog tias qhov hnyav ntawm lub kaw lus tsis siab, koj tuaj yeem siv cov suab nrov qis (~ kHz) solid-state lasers,cov laser fiber ntau, qhov chaw sab nraudcov laser semiconductor, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob hom sib txawv ntawm cov teeb liab laser uas tsim tawm hauv tib lub laser qhov kuj tseem siv tau los tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv zaus, yog li ntawd qhov kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm microwave zaus tau zoo dua heev.
2. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem uas ob lub lasers hauv txoj kev dhau los tsis sib xws thiab lub suab nrov ntawm lub teeb liab loj dhau, qhov sib xws ntawm ob lub lasers tuaj yeem tau los ntawm txoj kev txhaj tshuaj zaus xauv theem xauv lossis txoj kev tawm tswv yim theem xauv tsis zoo. Daim duab 2 qhia txog kev siv tshuaj xauv los tsim cov microwave ntau yam (Daim duab 2). Los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha rau cov teeb liab tam sim no siab rau hauv lub semiconductor laser, lossis los ntawm kev siv LinBO3-theem modulator, ntau lub teeb liab optical ntawm ntau zaus sib txawv nrog qhov sib txawv zaus sib npaug tuaj yeem tsim, lossis cov teeb liab optical zaus combs. Tau kawg, txoj kev siv feem ntau kom tau txais cov teeb liab optical zaus dav dav yog siv lub laser hom-xauv. Txhua ob lub teeb liab comb hauv cov teeb liab optical zaus comb tsim tau xaiv los ntawm kev lim thiab txhaj tshuaj rau hauv laser 1 thiab 2 feem kom paub txog zaus thiab theem xauv feem. Vim tias theem ntawm cov teeb liab comb sib txawv ntawm cov teeb liab optical zaus comb yog qhov ruaj khov, yog li ntawd theem sib piv ntawm ob lub lasers ruaj khov, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm txoj kev sib txawv zaus raws li tau piav qhia ua ntej, ntau zaus zaus microwave teeb liab ntawm cov teeb liab optical zaus comb repetition rate tuaj yeem tau txais.
Daim Duab 2. Daim duab qhia txog lub teeb liab microwave zaus ob npaug uas tsim los ntawm kev xauv zaus txhaj tshuaj.
Lwm txoj hauv kev los txo qhov suab nrov ntawm ob lub lasers yog siv cov lus tawm tswv yim tsis zoo optical PLL, raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 3.
Daim Duab 3. Daim duab qhia txog OPL.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm optical PLL zoo ib yam li PLL hauv kev siv hluav taws xob. Qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub lasers raug hloov mus ua lub teeb liab hluav taws xob los ntawm lub photodetector (sib npaug rau lub teeb liab theem), thiab tom qab ntawd qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub lasers tau txais los ntawm kev ua qhov sib txawv zaus nrog lub teeb liab microwave siv, uas tau amplified thiab lim thiab tom qab ntawd pub rov qab rau chav tswj zaus ntawm ib qho ntawm cov lasers (rau semiconductor lasers, nws yog qhov tam sim no txhaj tshuaj). Los ntawm lub voj voog tswj kev tawm tswv yim tsis zoo, qhov sib piv zaus ntawm ob lub teeb liab laser raug xauv rau lub teeb liab microwave siv. Lub teeb liab optical ua ke tuaj yeem xa mus los ntawm cov fibers optical mus rau lub photodetector lwm qhov thiab hloov mus ua lub teeb liab microwave. Lub suab nrov theem ntawm lub teeb liab microwave yuav luag zoo ib yam li lub teeb liab siv hauv bandwidth ntawm lub voj voog tawm tswv yim tsis zoo uas xauv theem. Lub suab nrov theem sab nraum bandwidth yog sib npaug rau lub suab nrov theem ntawm ob lub lasers thawj uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, qhov chaw siv microwave teeb liab kuj tseem tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm lwm qhov chaw teeb liab los ntawm kev ua ob npaug zaus, faib zaus, lossis lwm yam kev ua tiav zaus, yog li ntawd qhov teeb liab microwave qis dua tuaj yeem ua ntau dua, lossis hloov mus rau cov teeb liab RF, THz siab.
Piv rau qhov kev xauv zaus txhaj tshuaj tsuas yog tuaj yeem tau txais zaus ob npaug, cov voj voog theem-xauv muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua, tuaj yeem tsim cov zaus yuav luag tsis muaj tseeb, thiab tau kawg nyuaj dua. Piv txwv li, lub zog zaus kho qhov muag tsim los ntawm lub photoelectric modulator hauv Daim Duab 2 yog siv ua lub teeb ci, thiab lub voj voog theem-xauv kho qhov muag siv los xaiv xauv qhov zaus ntawm ob lub lasers rau ob lub teeb liab kho qhov muag, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim cov teeb liab siab los ntawm qhov sib txawv zaus, raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 4. f1 thiab f2 yog cov teeb liab siv ntawm ob lub PLLS, thiab lub teeb liab microwave ntawm N * frep + f1 + f2 tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm qhov sib txawv zaus ntawm ob lub lasers.
Daim Duab 4. Daim duab qhia txog kev tsim cov zaus tsis raws cai siv cov khoom siv zaus kho qhov muag thiab PLLS.
3. Siv hom-xauv pulse laser los hloov cov teeb liab optical pulse rau hauv microwave teeb liab los ntawmlub tshuab ntes duab.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev no yog tias lub teeb liab nrog qhov ruaj khov zoo heev thiab suab nrov theem qis heev tuaj yeem tau txais. Los ntawm kev xauv lub zaus ntawm lub laser mus rau qhov ruaj khov heev atomic thiab molecular hloov spectrum, lossis lub qhov muag pom kev ruaj khov heev, thiab kev siv tus kheej-doubling zaus tshem tawm qhov system zaus hloov pauv thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis, peb tuaj yeem tau txais lub teeb liab optical pulse ruaj khov heev nrog lub zaus rov ua dua ruaj khov heev, yog li ntawd kom tau txais lub teeb liab microwave nrog lub suab nrov theem qis heev. Daim duab 5.
Daim Duab 5. Kev sib piv ntawm cov suab nrov theem sib piv ntawm cov teeb liab sib txawv.
Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias qhov rov ua dua ntawm lub zog yog qhov sib piv rau qhov ntev ntawm lub laser, thiab lub laser hom xauv yog loj, nws nyuaj rau tau txais cov teeb liab microwave zaus siab ncaj qha. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov loj me, qhov hnyav thiab kev siv zog ntawm cov laser pulsed ib txwm muaj, nrog rau cov kev cai ib puag ncig hnyav, txwv lawv cov ntawv thov hauv chaw kuaj mob. Txhawm rau kov yeej cov teeb meem no, kev tshawb fawb tau pib tsis ntev los no hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees siv cov teebmeem nonlinear los tsim cov combs optical zaus ruaj khov hauv cov qhov me me, zoo chirp hom optical cavities, uas ua rau muaj cov teeb liab microwave zaus siab qis.
4. opto hluav taws xob oscillator, Daim Duab 6.
Daim Duab 6. Daim duab qhia txog ntawm photoelectric coupled oscillator.
Ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj ntawm kev tsim cov microwaves lossis lasers yog siv lub voj voog kaw tus kheej, tsuav yog qhov nce hauv lub voj voog kaw ntau dua li qhov poob, qhov oscillation tus kheej-excited tuaj yeem tsim cov microwaves lossis lasers. Qhov siab dua qhov zoo Q ntawm lub voj voog kaw, qhov me dua qhov teeb liab theem lossis suab nrov zaus tsim. Yuav kom nce qhov zoo ntawm lub voj voog, txoj hauv kev ncaj qha yog kom nce lub voj voog ntev thiab txo qhov poob ntawm kev nthuav dav. Txawm li cas los xij, lub voj voog ntev dua feem ntau tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev tsim ntau hom kev oscillation, thiab yog tias ntxiv cov lim dej nqaim-bandwidth, ib qho teeb liab microwave oscillation suab nrov ib zaug tuaj yeem tau txais. Photoelectric coupled oscillator yog lub teeb liab microwave raws li lub tswv yim no, nws siv tag nrho cov yam ntxwv qis ntawm cov fiber, siv cov fiber ntev dua los txhim kho lub voj voog Q tus nqi, tuaj yeem tsim cov teeb liab microwave nrog suab nrov theem qis heev. Txij li thaum txoj kev tau thov hauv xyoo 1990, hom oscillator no tau txais kev tshawb fawb dav dav thiab kev txhim kho ntau, thiab tam sim no muaj cov lag luam photoelectric coupled oscillators. Tsis ntev los no, cov oscillators photoelectric uas nws cov zaus tuaj yeem hloov kho tau ntau yam tau tsim. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb liab microwave raws li cov qauv no yog tias lub voj voog ntev, thiab lub suab nrov hauv nws cov dej ntws dawb (FSR) thiab nws ob npaug zaus yuav nce ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv photoelectric siv ntau dua, tus nqi siab, qhov ntim nyuaj rau txo, thiab cov fiber ntev dua yog qhov rhiab heev rau kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.
Cov lus saum toj no qhia luv luv txog ntau txoj hauv kev tsim cov teeb liab microwave photoelectron, nrog rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo. Thaum kawg, kev siv cov photoelectrons los tsim cov microwave muaj lwm qhov zoo dua yog tias cov teeb liab optical tuaj yeem faib los ntawm cov fiber optical nrog qhov poob qis heev, kev xa mus ntev mus rau txhua qhov chaw siv thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv cov teeb liab microwave, thiab lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam electromagnetic tau zoo dua li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj.
Cov ntawv sau no tsuas yog siv rau kev siv xwb, thiab ua ke nrog tus sau txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev paub dhau los hauv daim teb no, muaj qee qhov tsis raug thiab tsis nkag siab, thov nkag siab.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ib Hlis-03-2024