Siab dua integrated nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate electro-optic modulator

Siab linearityelectro-optic modulatorthiab daim ntawv thov microwave photon
Nrog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm kev sib txuas lus, txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib kis ntawm cov teeb liab, tib neeg yuav fuse photons thiab electrons kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab microwave photonics yuav yug los. Electro-optical modulator yog xav tau rau kev hloov hluav taws xob rau lub teeb hauvmicrowave photonic systems, thiab cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb no feem ntau txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tag nrho cov system. Txij li thaum hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm xov tooj cua zaus teeb liab mus rau optical domain yog ib tug analog teeb liab txheej txheem, thiab zoo tib yamelectro-optical modulatorsmuaj inherent nonlinearity, muaj teeb meem loj distortion nyob rau hauv lub conversion txheej txheem. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov kwv yees qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub modulator feem ntau yog kho ntawm orthogonal bias point, tab sis nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm microwave photon txuas rau linearity ntawm lub modulator. Electro-optic modulators nrog siab linearity yog qhov xav tau sai.

Lub siab ceev refractive index modulation ntawm silicon cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog tiav los ntawm cov dawb carrier plasma dispersion (FCD) nyhuv. Ob qho tib si FCD nyhuv thiab PN junction modulation yog nonlinear, uas ua rau cov silicon modulator tsawg linear tshaj lithium niobate modulator. Cov khoom siv lithium niobate pom zoo heevelectro-optical modulationCov khoom vim lawv cov nyhuv Pucker. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv lithium niobate muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov loj bandwidth, cov yam ntxwv zoo hloov kho, tsis tshua muaj kev poob qis, kev sib koom ua ke yooj yim thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov txheej txheem semiconductor, kev siv nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate los ua kev ua haujlwm siab electro-optical modulator, piv nrog silicon. yuav luag tsis muaj "phaj luv", tab sis kuj kom ua tiav high linearity. Nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate (LNOI) electro-optic modulator ntawm insulator tau dhau los ua kev cog lus kev loj hlob. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate cov ntaub ntawv npaj technology thiab waveguide etching tshuab, lub siab conversion efficiency thiab ntau dua kev koom ua ke ntawm nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate electro-optic modulator tau dhau los ua teb ntawm thoob ntiaj teb kev kawm thiab kev lag luam.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate
Hauv Tebchaws Meskas DAP AR kev npaj tau ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas hauv qab no ntawm cov khoom siv lithium niobate: yog tias lub hauv paus ntawm lub kiv puag ncig hluav taws xob muaj npe tom qab cov khoom siv silicon uas ua rau nws ua tau, ces qhov chaw yug ntawm photonics kiv puag ncig yuav muaj npe tom qab lithium niobate. . Qhov no yog vim lithium niobate integrates electro-optical effect, acousto-optical effect, piezoelectric effect, thermoelectric effect thiab photorefractive effect hauv ib qho, ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv silicon hauv kev kho qhov muag.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm optical kis tau tus mob yam ntxwv, InP cov khoom muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv-chip kis tau tus mob vim qhov nqus ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv ib tug nquag siv 1550nm band. SiO2 thiab silicon nitride muaj cov yam ntxwv sib kis tau zoo tshaj plaws, thiab qhov poob tuaj yeem ncav cuag qib ~ 0.01dB / cm; Tam sim no, lub waveguide poob ntawm nyias-zaj duab xis lithium niobate waveguide tuaj yeem ncav cuag qib 0.03dB / cm, thiab qhov poob ntawm nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate waveguide muaj peev xwm txo qis ntxiv nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hauv qib. yav tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate cov ntaub ntawv yuav qhia tau hais tias ua tau zoo rau passive lub teeb lug xws li photosynthetic txoj kev, shunt thiab microring.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub teeb tiam, tsuas yog InP muaj peev xwm emit lub teeb ncaj qha; Yog li ntawd, rau daim ntawv thov ntawm microwave photons, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los qhia txog InP raws li lub teeb qhov chaw ntawm LNOI raws li photonic integrated nti los ntawm txoj kev ntawm backloading vuam los yog epitaxial loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub teeb modulation, nws tau hais saum toj no hais tias nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate cov ntaub ntawv yog yooj yim mus cuag loj modulation bandwidth, qis ib nrab-yoj voltage thiab qis dua kis tau tus mob tshaj InP thiab Si. Ntxiv mus, qhov siab linearity ntawm electro-optical modulation ntawm nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua daim ntawv thov microwave photon.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kho qhov muag routing, lub siab ceev electro-optical teb ntawm nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate cov ntaub ntawv ua rau lub LNOI raws li optical hloov muaj peev xwm ntawm high-speed optical routing switching, thiab lub zog noj ntawm xws li high-ceev switching kuj tsawg heev. Rau cov ntawv thov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm microwave photon thev naus laus zis, optically tswj beamforming nti muaj peev xwm ntawm kev hloov pauv ceev kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob nrawm nrawm, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob ultra-tsawg yog zoo yoog raws cov kev cai nruj ntawm qhov loj. -scale phased array system. Txawm hais tias InP raws li kev hloov kho qhov muag kuj tseem tuaj yeem paub qhov kev hloov kho qhov muag ceev ceev, nws yuav qhia lub suab nrov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntau qhov hloov tau cascaded, lub suab coefficient yuav raug mob hnyav. Silicon, SiO2 thiab silicon nitride cov ntaub ntawv tsuas tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov muag los ntawm cov nyhuv thermo-optical los yog cov nyhuv dispersion, uas muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob siab thiab kev hloov pauv qeeb. Thaum cov array loj ntawm cov phased array loj, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm optical amplification, lubsemiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) raws li InP tau paub tab rau kev lag luam siv, tab sis nws muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub suab nrov coefficient thiab qis saturation tso zis hluav taws xob, uas tsis haum rau daim ntawv thov ntawm microwave photons. Cov txheej txheem parametric amplification ntawm nyias-zaj duab xis lithium niobate waveguide raws li kev ua kom lub sijhawm thiab kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua tiav lub suab qis thiab lub zog siab ntawm-chip optical amplification, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev sib xyaw microwave photon technology rau on-chip optical amplification.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub teeb pom kev, lub nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo kis mus rau lub teeb nyob rau hauv 1550 nm band. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm photoelectric hloov dua siab tshiab tsis tuaj yeem paub, yog li rau kev siv microwave photon, txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm photoelectric hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm nti. InGaAs lossis Ge-Si kuaj xyuas cov chav yuav tsum tau qhia txog LNOI raws li photonic integrated chips los ntawm backloading vuam lossis epitaxial loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm coupling nrog optical fiber, vim hais tias cov optical fiber nws tus kheej yog SiO2 cov khoom, hom teb ntawm SiO2 waveguide muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws txuam degree nrog hom teb optical fiber, thiab cov coupling yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Lub hom teb txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub zog txwv waveguide ntawm nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate yog hais txog 1μm, uas yog heev txawv los ntawm hom teb ntawm optical fiber, yog li txoj kev hloov qhov chaw yuav tsum tau nqa tawm kom haum rau hom teb optical fiber.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev koom ua ke, seb ntau yam ntaub ntawv muaj ib tug siab kev koom ua ke muaj peev xwm nyob ntawm mas nyob rau hauv lub bending vojvoog ntawm lub waveguide (tseem ceeb los ntawm kev txwv ntawm waveguide hom teb). Lub waveguide txwv nruj heev tso cai rau lub vojvoog me me khoov, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev sib koom ua ke siab. Yog li ntawd, nyias-zaj duab xis lithium niobate waveguides muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev koom ua ke siab. Yog li ntawd, cov tsos ntawm nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate ua rau nws ua tau rau lithium niobate cov ntaub ntawv los yeej ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm optical "silicon". Rau daim ntawv thov ntawm microwave photons, qhov zoo ntawm nyias zaj duab xis lithium niobate yog pom tseeb dua.