Cov txheej txheem siab dua ntawm cov zaj duab xis nyias lithium niobate electro-optic modulator

Kev ncaj nraim siabelectro-optic modulatorthiab daim ntawv thov microwave photon
Nrog rau qhov xav tau ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus nce ntxiv, txhawm rau txhim kho qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov teeb liab, tib neeg yuav fuse photons thiab electrons kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig sib xws, thiab microwave photonics yuav yug los. Lub electro-optical modulator yog qhov xav tau rau kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob mus rau lub teeb hauvCov tshuab microwave photonic, thiab cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb no feem ntau txiav txim siab qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm tag nrho lub kaw lus. Txij li thaum hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb liab zaus xov tooj cua mus rau thaj chaw kho qhov muag yog cov txheej txheem teeb liab analog, thiab ib txwm muajcov khoom siv hluav taws xob kho qhov muagmuaj qhov tsis sib xws, muaj qhov teeb meem loj heev hauv cov txheej txheem hloov pauv. Yuav kom ua tiav qhov kwv yees li linear modulation, qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub modulator feem ntau yog kho ntawm qhov orthogonal bias point, tab sis nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm microwave photon txuas rau linearity ntawm lub modulator. Electro-optic modulators nrog linearity siab yog qhov xav tau sai.

Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv silicon uas muaj qhov ceev ceev feem ntau yog ua tiav los ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm cov khoom siv dawb uas faib cov ntshav (FCD). Ob qho tib si FCD thiab PN junction modulation yog nonlinear, uas ua rau lub silicon modulator tsis yog linear dua li lub lithium niobate modulator. Cov khoom siv lithium niobate ua tau zoo heev.kev hloov kho hluav taws xobcov khoom vim lawv cov nyhuv Pucker. Tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv lithium niobate muaj qhov zoo ntawm bandwidth loj, cov yam ntxwv zoo modulation, poob qis, kev sib koom ua ke yooj yim thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov txheej txheem semiconductor, kev siv cov zaj duab xis nyias lithium niobate los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo, piv nrog silicon yuav luag tsis muaj "phaj luv", tab sis kuj ua tiav cov kab ncaj siab. Cov zaj duab xis nyias lithium niobate (LNOI) electro-optic modulator ntawm insulator tau dhau los ua qhov kev coj ua zoo. Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem npaj khoom siv zaj duab xis nyias lithium niobate thiab cov txheej txheem waveguide etching, qhov ua tau zoo hloov pauv siab thiab kev sib koom ua ke siab dua ntawm cov zaj duab xis nyias lithium niobate electro-optic modulator tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev kawm thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev lag luam.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov zaj duab xis nyias lithium niobate
Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, DAP AR kev npaj tau ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas cov ntaub ntawv lithium niobate hauv qab no: yog tias qhov chaw ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob raug muab lub npe tom qab cov khoom siv silicon uas ua rau nws ua tau, ces qhov chaw yug ntawm kev hloov pauv photonics yuav raug muab lub npe tom qab lithium niobate. Qhov no yog vim tias lithium niobate sib xyaw ua ke electro-optical effect, acousto-optical effect, piezoelectric effect, thermoelectric effect thiab photorefractive effect hauv ib qho, ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv silicon hauv thaj chaw ntawm optics.

Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv InP muaj qhov poob loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob ntawm lub nti vim yog kev nqus lub teeb hauv 1550nm band uas siv ntau. SiO2 thiab silicon nitride muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob, thiab qhov poob tuaj yeem ncav cuag theem ~ 0.01dB / cm; Tam sim no, qhov poob ntawm cov waveguide ntawm cov zaj duab xis nyias lithium niobate waveguide tuaj yeem ncav cuag theem ntawm 0.03dB / cm, thiab qhov poob ntawm cov zaj duab xis nyias lithium niobate waveguide muaj peev xwm txo qis ntxiv nrog kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm qib thev naus laus zis yav tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, cov zaj duab xis nyias lithium niobate cov khoom siv yuav qhia txog kev ua tau zoo rau cov qauv teeb pom kev zoo xws li txoj kev photosynthetic, shunt thiab microring.

Hais txog kev tsim lub teeb, tsuas yog InP thiaj li muaj peev xwm tso tawm lub teeb ncaj qha; Yog li ntawd, rau kev siv cov microwave photons, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia txog InP raws li lub teeb ci ntawm LNOI raws li photonic integrated chip los ntawm txoj kev rov qab vuam lossis epitaxial kev loj hlob. Hais txog kev hloov kho lub teeb, nws tau hais meej saum toj no tias cov khoom siv nyias nyias lithium niobate yooj yim dua los ua tiav cov modulation bandwidth loj dua, qis dua ib nrab-wave voltage thiab qis dua kev poob kis dua li InP thiab Si. Ntxiv mus, qhov siab linearity ntawm electro-optical modulation ntawm cov khoom siv nyias nyias lithium niobate yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua daim ntawv thov microwave photon.

Hais txog kev teeb tsa optical routing, qhov kev teb ceev electro-optical ntawm cov khoom siv nyias nyias lithium niobate ua rau LNOI raws li optical switch muaj peev xwm ua tau high-speed optical routing switching, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ceev kuj qis heev. Rau kev siv cov thev naus laus zis microwave photon sib xyaw ua ke, lub chip tswj hwm beamforming muaj peev xwm ua tau high-speed switching kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev luam theej duab ceev, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg heev tau hloov kho zoo rau cov kev cai nruj ntawm cov txheej txheem phased array loj. Txawm hais tias InP raws li optical switch kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav high-speed optical path switching, nws yuav ua rau muaj suab nrov loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub multilevel optical switch yog cascaded, lub suab nrov coefficient yuav raug puas tsuaj loj heev. Silicon, SiO2 thiab silicon nitride cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog tuaj yeem hloov cov kev teeb tsa optical los ntawm cov nyhuv thermo-optical lossis cov nyhuv dispersion carrier, uas muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob siab thiab kev hloov pauv qeeb. Thaum qhov loj ntawm array ntawm phased array loj, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm optical amplification, lubsemiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) raws li InP tau loj hlob rau kev siv lag luam, tab sis nws muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov suab nrov siab thiab lub zog tso zis qis, uas tsis zoo rau kev siv cov photons microwave. Cov txheej txheem parametric amplification ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias lithium niobate waveguide raws li kev ua haujlwm tas li thiab kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua tiav suab nrov tsawg thiab lub zog siab ntawm lub nti optical amplification, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev siv tshuab microwave photon rau kev ua kom lub nti optical amplification.

Hais txog kev nrhiav pom lub teeb, cov lithium niobate nyias nyias muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo rau lub teeb hauv 1550 nm band. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev hloov pauv photoelectric tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav, yog li rau cov ntawv thov microwave photon, txhawm rau kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev hloov pauv photoelectric ntawm lub nti. InGaAs lossis Ge-Si cov chaw kuaj xyuas yuav tsum tau qhia rau ntawm LNOI raws li photonic integrated chips los ntawm kev vuam rov qab lossis kev loj hlob epitaxial. Hais txog kev sib txuas nrog optical fiber, vim tias optical fiber nws tus kheej yog SiO2 khoom, hom teb ntawm SiO2 waveguide muaj qib sib phim siab tshaj plaws nrog hom teb ntawm optical fiber, thiab kev sib txuas yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Hom teb txoj kab uas hla ntawm waveguide txwv ntawm nyias nyias lithium niobate yog li 1μm, uas txawv ntawm hom teb ntawm optical fiber, yog li hom chaw hloov pauv kom raug yuav tsum tau ua kom phim hom teb ntawm optical fiber.

Hais txog kev sib koom ua ke, seb ntau yam khoom siv puas muaj peev xwm sib koom ua ke siab nyob ntawm qhov khoov ntawm lub waveguide (cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov txwv ntawm lub waveguide hom teb). Lub waveguide txwv tsis pub muaj lub vojvoog khoov me dua, uas ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke siab dua. Yog li ntawd, cov waveguides lithium niobate nyias zaj duab xis muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev sib koom ua ke siab. Yog li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov zaj duab xis nyias lithium niobate ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rau cov khoom siv lithium niobate ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo "silicon". Rau kev siv cov duab microwave, qhov zoo ntawm cov zaj duab xis nyias lithium niobate yog qhov pom tseeb dua.