Kev Taw Qhia, hom suav photonlinear avalanche photodetector
Cov thev naus laus zis suav photon tuaj yeem ua kom lub teeb liab photon loj dua kom kov yeej lub suab nrov ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab sau cov lej ntawm cov photons tso tawm los ntawm lub tshuab ntes hauv ib lub sijhawm los ntawm kev siv cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm cov teeb liab hluav taws xob tso tawm ntawm lub tshuab ntes nyob rau hauv lub teeb tsis muaj zog, thiab xam cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hom phiaj ntsuas raws li tus nqi ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas photon. Txhawm rau kom paub txog kev kuaj pom lub teeb tsis muaj zog heev, ntau hom twj paj nruag sib txawv nrog lub peev xwm kuaj pom photon tau raug kawm hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Lub xeev khov kho avalanche photodiode (APD photodetector) yog ib lub cuab yeej uas siv cov teebmeem photoelectric sab hauv los ntes cov teeb liab. Piv nrog cov khoom siv nqus tsev, cov khoom siv solid-state muaj qhov zoo dua hauv kev teb ceev, suav tsaus ntuj, siv hluav taws xob, ntim thiab qhov rhiab heev ntawm lub zog sib nqus, thiab lwm yam. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua kev tshawb fawb raws li cov thev naus laus zis suav duab photon APD solid-state.
APD photodetector devicemuaj Geiger hom (GM) thiab linear hom (LM) ob hom ua haujlwm, tam sim no APD photon suav duab thev naus laus zis feem ntau siv Geiger hom APD ntaus ntawv. Geiger hom APD cov khoom siv muaj kev rhiab heev ntawm theem ntawm ib qho photon thiab kev teb ceev siab ntawm kaum tawm nanoseconds kom tau txais qhov tseeb siab. Txawm li cas los xij, Geiger hom APD muaj qee qhov teeb meem xws li lub sijhawm tuag ntawm lub tshuab ntes, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev sib txuas lus loj thiab kev daws teeb meem qis, yog li nws nyuaj rau kev ua kom zoo dua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tus nqi ntes siab thiab tus nqi ceeb toom tsis tseeb qis. Cov khoom siv Photon suav raws li ze-suab nrov siab-nce HgCdTe APD ua haujlwm hauv hom linear, tsis muaj lub sijhawm tuag thiab kev txwv crosstalk, tsis muaj post-pulse cuam tshuam nrog Geiger hom, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov voj voog quench, muaj ultra-siab dynamic range, dav thiab tunable spectral teb ntau yam, thiab tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua rau kev ua haujlwm nrhiav thiab tus nqi suav cuav. Nws qhib ib daim teb tshiab ntawm kev siv infrared photon suav imaging, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv suav photon, thiab muaj kev cia siab dav dav hauv kev soj ntsuam astronomical, kev sib txuas lus dawb, kev ua haujlwm thiab passive imaging, fringe tracking thiab lwm yam.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev suav photon hauv HgCdTe APD li
Cov khoom siv APD photodetector raws li cov ntaub ntawv HgCdTe tuaj yeem npog ntau yam wavelengths, thiab cov coefficients ionization ntawm electrons thiab qhov sib txawv heev (saib Daim Duab 1 (a)). Lawv ua kom pom ib qho kev sib npaug ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom hauv qhov wavelength txiav ntawm 1.3 ~ 11 µm. Yuav luag tsis muaj suab nrov ntau dhau (piv nrog rau qhov suab nrov ntau dhau FSi ~ 2-3 ntawm Si APD cov khoom siv thiab FIII-V ~ 4-5 ntawm III-V tsev neeg cov khoom siv (saib Daim Duab 1 (b)), yog li qhov sib piv ntawm lub teeb liab rau suab nrov ntawm cov khoom siv yuav luag tsis poob qis nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov nce, uas yog qhov zoo tagnrho infrared.lub tshuab ntes duab av qeeg.
DUAB 1 (a) Kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm cov coefficient ionization ntawm cov khoom siv mercury cadmium telluride thiab cov khoom x ntawm Cd; (b) Kev sib piv ntawm cov suab nrov ntau dhau F ntawm cov khoom siv APD nrog cov khoom siv sib txawv
Kev siv tshuab suav photon yog ib qho thev naus laus zis tshiab uas tuaj yeem rho tawm cov teeb liab pom kev los ntawm lub suab nrov thermal los ntawm kev daws cov photoelectron pulses tsim los ntawm alub tshuab ntes duabtom qab tau txais ib lub photon xwb. Vim tias lub teeb liab qis dua tau tawg ntau dua hauv lub sijhawm, lub teeb liab hluav taws xob tso tawm los ntawm lub tshuab ntes kuj yog ntuj thiab cais tawm. Raws li tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb tsis muaj zog no, kev ua kom lub zog pulse, kev faib tawm pulse thiab cov txheej txheem suav digital feem ntau yog siv los ntes lub teeb tsis muaj zog heev. Cov thev naus laus zis suav photon niaj hnub muaj ntau yam zoo, xws li qhov sib piv ntawm lub teeb liab rau lub suab nrov siab, kev faib tawm siab, kev ntsuas qhov tseeb siab, kev tiv thaiv kev txav mus los zoo, lub sijhawm ruaj khov zoo, thiab tuaj yeem tso tawm cov ntaub ntawv rau lub khoos phis tawj hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub teeb liab digital rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev ua tom qab, uas tsis muaj qhov sib piv los ntawm lwm txoj kev tshawb nrhiav. Tam sim no, lub kaw lus suav photon tau siv dav hauv kev ntsuas kev lag luam thiab kev tshawb nrhiav lub teeb qis, xws li nonlinear optics, molecular biology, ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, astronomical photometry, atmospheric pollution measurement, thiab lwm yam, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tau txais thiab nrhiav pom cov teeb liab tsis muaj zog. Lub tshuab ntsuas mercury cadmium telluride avalanche yuav luag tsis muaj suab nrov ntau dhau, thaum qhov nce ntxiv, qhov sib piv ntawm lub teeb liab thiab suab nrov tsis lwj, thiab tsis muaj lub sijhawm tuag thiab kev txwv tom qab lub zog cuam tshuam nrog Geiger avalanche cov khoom siv, uas yog qhov tsim nyog heev rau kev siv hauv kev suav photon, thiab yog qhov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv suav photon yav tom ntej.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ib Hlis-14-2025