Kev siv tshuab laser rau kev tsim khoomcov khoom siv fiber ntaukev hnov Tsab Ib
Kev siv tshuab fiber ntau optical sensing yog ib hom kev siv tshuab sensing uas tau tsim ua ke nrog kev siv tshuab fiber ntau optical thiab kev siv tshuab sib txuas lus fiber ntau optical, thiab nws tau dhau los ua ib ceg ntawm kev siv tshuab photoelectric uas nquag siv tshaj plaws. Lub tshuab fiber ntau optical sensing feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm laser, fiber kis, sensing element lossis modulation area, light detection thiab lwm yam khoom. Cov parameters piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb nthwv dej suav nrog lub zog, wavelength, theem, polarization state, thiab lwm yam. Cov parameters no yuav raug hloov los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud hauv kev xa xov fiber ntau optical. Piv txwv li, thaum kub, kev ntxhov siab, siab, tam sim no, kev hloov chaw, kev co, kev tig, kev khoov thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg cuam tshuam rau txoj kev optical, cov parameters no hloov pauv raws li. Optical fiber sensing yog raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov parameters no thiab cov yam ntxwv sab nraud los ntes cov khoom sib xws.
Muaj ntau homqhov chaw lasersiv rau hauv cov tshuab fiber ntau optical, uas tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg: sib xwscov chaw laserthiab cov chaw teeb pom kev tsis sib xws, tsis sib xwscov chaw teeb pom kev zoofeem ntau suav nrog lub teeb incandescent thiab lub teeb-emitting diodes, thiab cov teeb pom kev zoo sib xws suav nrog cov lasers khov kho, cov lasers kua, cov roj lasers,laser semiconductorthiablaser fiberCov hauv qab no yog rau feem ntaulub teeb laserSiv dav hauv thaj chaw ntawm fiber sensing nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no: kab nqaim dav ib zaug laser, ib-wavelength sweep zaus laser thiab dawb laser.
1.1 Cov Kev Cai rau txoj kab nqaimcov chaw teeb pom kev zoo laser
Lub tshuab fiber sensing tsis tuaj yeem sib cais ntawm lub laser qhov chaw, vim tias lub teeb liab ntsuas tau los ntawm lub teeb, lub teeb laser nws tus kheej ua tau zoo, xws li lub zog ruaj khov, laser kab dav, suab nrov theem thiab lwm yam tsis ntawm lub tshuab fiber sensing system nrhiav qhov deb, nrhiav qhov tseeb, rhiab heev thiab cov yam ntxwv suab nrov ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm lub tshuab fiber sensing ntev ultra-high resolution, kev kawm thiab kev lag luam tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntau qhov kev cai rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm laser miniaturization, feem ntau hauv: optical frequency domain reflection (OFDR) thev naus laus zis siv cov thev naus laus zis coherent detection los tshuaj xyuas cov teeb liab tawg ntawm cov fiber optic hauv thaj chaw zaus, nrog rau kev npog dav (txhiab meters). Qhov zoo ntawm kev daws teeb meem siab (millimeter-level resolution) thiab kev rhiab heev siab (txog li -100 dBm) tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis nrog kev cia siab dav hauv kev ntsuas fiber optic faib thiab kev siv tshuab. Lub hauv paus ntawm OFDR thev naus laus zis yog siv lub teeb pom kev zoo los ua kom tiav qhov kho qhov zaus optical, yog li kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub tshuab laser txiav txim siab cov yam tseem ceeb xws li OFDR nrhiav ntau yam, rhiab heev thiab kev daws teeb meem. Thaum qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam ze rau qhov ntev ntawm qhov sib xws, qhov muaj zog ntawm lub teeb liab yuav raug txo qis los ntawm tus lej τ / τc. Rau lub teeb Gaussian uas muaj lub duab spectral, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zaus ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo muaj ntau dua 90% pom kev, kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub teeb thiab qhov ntev tshaj plaws uas lub kaw lus tuaj yeem ua tiav yog Lmax ~ 0.04vg / f, uas txhais tau tias rau lub fiber nrog qhov ntev ntawm 80 km, qhov dav ntawm lub teeb yog tsawg dua 100 Hz. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhim kho ntawm lwm daim ntawv thov kuj tau muab cov kev cai siab dua rau qhov dav ntawm lub teeb. Piv txwv li, hauv lub kaw lus fiber hydrophone, qhov dav ntawm lub teeb txiav txim siab lub suab nrov ntawm lub kaw lus thiab tseem txiav txim siab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub kaw lus. Hauv Brillouin optical time domain reflector (BOTDR), qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab kev ntxhov siab feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub teeb. Hauv lub resonator fiber optic gyro, qhov ntev ntawm lub teeb nthwv dej tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm kev txo qhov dav ntawm kab ntawm lub teeb, yog li txhim kho qhov zoo thiab qhov tob ntawm lub resonator, txo qhov dav ntawm kab ntawm lub resonator, thiab xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm lub fiber optic gyro.
1.2 Cov kev cai rau cov chaw siv laser sweep
Ib lub laser uas siv wavelength sweep muaj kev ua haujlwm hloov kho wavelength tau yooj yim, tuaj yeem hloov ntau lub laser wavelength ruaj khov, txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho, yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab fiber ntau optical sensing. Piv txwv li, hauv kev ntsuas roj fiber ntau, ntau hom roj muaj cov pa roj sib txawv. Yuav kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ua haujlwm nqus lub teeb thaum cov roj ntsuas txaus thiab ua tiav qhov ntsuas siab dua, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los sib phim qhov wavelength ntawm qhov chaw xa teeb nrog qhov nqus siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj molecule. Hom roj uas tuaj yeem ntes tau yog qhov tseem ceeb txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov wavelength ntawm qhov chaw ntes teeb. Yog li ntawd, cov lasers kab nqaim nrog kev ua haujlwm hloov kho broadband ruaj khov muaj kev yooj yim ntsuas siab dua hauv cov kab ke no. Piv txwv li, hauv qee lub tshuab fiber ntau optical sensing uas faib raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov zaus, lub laser yuav tsum tau swept sai sai kom ua tiav qhov kev sib raug zoo siab thiab demodulation ntawm cov teeb liab optical, yog li qhov modulation rate ntawm lub laser qhov chaw muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua siab, thiab qhov ceev sweep ntawm lub laser hloov kho feem ntau yuav tsum ncav cuag 10 pm / μs. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, qhov wavelength tunable narrow linewidth laser kuj siv tau dav hauv liDAR, laser remote sensing thiab high-resolution spectral analysis thiab lwm yam sensing teb. Yuav kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho bandwidth, kev kho qhov tseeb thiab kev kho qhov ceev ntawm ib-wavelength lasers hauv thaj chaw ntawm fiber sensing, lub hom phiaj tag nrho ntawm kev kawm tunable narrow-width fiber lasers hauv xyoo tas los no yog kom ua tiav high-precision tuning hauv qhov wavelength loj dua ntawm kev nrhiav ultra-narrow laser linewidth, ultra-low phase noise, thiab ultra-stable output frequency thiab power.
1.3 Kev xav tau lub teeb laser dawb
Hauv kev siv lub teeb pom kev zoo, lub teeb dawb zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub kaw lus. Qhov dav dua ntawm cov spectrum ntawm lub teeb dawb laser, qhov ntau dua nws daim ntawv thov hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo fiber ntau. Piv txwv li, thaum siv fiber Bragg grating (FBG) los tsim lub network sensor, kev tshuaj xyuas spectral lossis txoj kev sib phim lim tau tuaj yeem siv rau demodulation. Tus thawj siv lub spectrometer los kuaj txhua qhov FBG resonant wavelength hauv lub network. Tus tom kawg siv lub lim dej siv los taug qab thiab calibrate FBG hauv kev ntsuas, ob qho tib si xav tau lub teeb ci broadband ua lub teeb sim rau FBG. Vim tias txhua lub network nkag mus rau FBG yuav muaj qee qhov poob ntawm kev ntxig, thiab muaj bandwidth ntau dua 0.1 nm, kev demodulation tib lub sijhawm ntawm ntau FBG xav tau lub teeb ci broadband nrog lub zog siab thiab bandwidth siab. Piv txwv li, thaum siv lub sijhawm ntev fiber grating (LPFG) rau kev ntsuas, txij li thaum bandwidth ntawm ib qho poob ncov yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 10 nm, lub teeb spectrum dav dav nrog bandwidth txaus thiab spectrum tiaj tus yog qhov yuav tsum tau kom raug piav qhia nws cov yam ntxwv resonant ncov. Hauv particular, acoustic fiber grating (AIFG) tsim los ntawm kev siv acousto-optical effect tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov ntau ntawm resonant wavelength txog li 1000 nm los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tuning. Yog li ntawd, dynamic grating kev xeem nrog xws li ultra-wide tuning ntau yam ua rau muaj kev sib tw loj rau qhov ntau ntawm bandwidth ntawm lub teeb spectrum dav dav. Ib yam li ntawd, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tilted Bragg fiber grating kuj tau siv dav hauv thaj chaw ntawm fiber sensing. Vim nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau-peak poob spectrum, qhov ntau ntawm wavelength faib tuaj yeem ncav cuag 40 nm. Nws cov txheej txheem ntsuas feem ntau yog los sib piv qhov kev txav mus los ntawm ntau lub ncov kis, yog li nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntsuas nws cov spectrum kis tag nrho. Qhov bandwidth thiab lub zog ntawm lub teeb spectrum dav dav yuav tsum siab dua.
2. Kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws
2.1 Lub teeb laser nqaim
2.1.1 Cov laser tawm tswv yim semiconductor uas muaj kab nqaim
Xyoo 2006, Cliche et al. tau txo qhov ntsuas MHz ntawm semiconductorDFB laser(faib tawm tswv yim laser) rau kHz nplai siv txoj kev tawm tswv yim hluav taws xob; Xyoo 2011, Kessler et al. siv qhov kub qis thiab ruaj khov ib lub qhov siv lead ua ke nrog kev tswj hwm kev tawm tswv yim kom tau txais cov zis laser ultra-narrow linewidth ntawm 40 MHz; Xyoo 2013, Peng et al tau txais cov zis laser semiconductor nrog cov kab dav ntawm 15 kHz los ntawm kev siv txoj kev hloov kho sab nraud Fabry-Perot (FP). Txoj kev tawm tswv yim hluav taws xob feem ntau siv Pond-Drever-Hall zaus stabilization feedback kom txo qhov dav ntawm laser ntawm lub teeb ci. Xyoo 2010, Bernhardi et al. tsim 1 cm ntawm erbium-doped alumina FBG ntawm silicon oxide substrate kom tau txais cov zis laser nrog cov kab dav ntawm li 1.7 kHz. Hauv tib lub xyoo, Liang et al. siv cov lus teb rov qab ntawm Rayleigh scattering uas tsim los ntawm lub tshuab resonator phab ntsa siab-Q rau semiconductor laser kab-dav compression, raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 1, thiab thaum kawg tau txais cov zis laser kab-dav nqaim ntawm 160 Hz.
Daim Duab 1 (a) Daim duab ntawm semiconductor laser linewidth compression raws li tus kheej-injection Rayleigh scattering ntawm sab nraud whispering gallery hom resonator;
(b) Zaus spectrum ntawm lub laser semiconductor khiav dawb nrog kab dav ntawm 8 MHz;
(c) Lub zog zaus ntawm lub laser nrog qhov dav ntawm kab uas raug nias rau 160 Hz
2.1.2 Cov laser fiber ntau uas muaj kab nqaim
Rau cov lasers fiber linear cavity, qhov tso zis laser nqaim ntawm ib hom longitudinal yog tau los ntawm kev luv qhov ntev ntawm lub resonator thiab nce qhov ntev ntawm hom longitudinal. Xyoo 2004, Spiegelberg et al. tau txais ib hom longitudinal narrow linewidth laser tso zis nrog qhov dav ntawm 2 kHz los ntawm kev siv DBR short cavity method. Xyoo 2007, Shen et al. siv 2 cm heavyly erbium-doped silicon fiber los sau FBG ntawm Bi-Ge co-doped photosensitive fiber, thiab fused nws nrog ib lub active fiber los tsim ib lub compact linear cavity, ua rau nws cov laser output kab dav tsawg dua 1 kHz. Xyoo 2010, Yang et al. siv 2cm highly doped short linear cavity ua ke nrog lub lim FBG narrowband kom tau txais ib hom longitudinal laser tso zis nrog qhov dav ntawm kab tsawg dua 2 kHz. Xyoo 2014, pab neeg tau siv lub qhov luv luv (virtual folded ring resonator) ua ke nrog lub lim FBG-FP kom tau txais cov zis laser nrog qhov dav ntawm kab nqaim dua, raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 3. Xyoo 2012, Cai et al. siv lub qhov luv luv 1.4cm kom tau txais cov zis laser polarizing nrog lub zog tso zis ntau dua 114 mW, qhov nruab nrab ntawm 1540.3 nm, thiab qhov dav ntawm kab 4.1 kHz. Xyoo 2013, Meng et al. siv Brillouin scattering ntawm erbium-doped fiber nrog lub qhov luv luv ntawm lub cuab yeej khaws cia tag nrho-bias kom tau txais hom ib-ntev, suab nrov laser tso zis nrog lub zog tso zis ntawm 10 mW. Xyoo 2015, pab neeg tau siv lub qhov nplhaib uas muaj 45 cm erbium-doped fiber ua Brillouin scattering gain medium kom tau txais qhov qis threshold thiab qhov dav ntawm kab laser.
Daim Duab 2 (a) Daim duab kos ntawm SLC fiber laser;
(b) Cov duab kab ntawm lub teeb liab heterodyne ntsuas nrog 97.6 km fiber qeeb
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-20-2023