Ib Feem Ntawm IB
1, qhov kev kuaj pom yog los ntawm ib txoj kev siv lub cev, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib qho ntau yam, txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb cov ntsuas ntsuas puas tsim nyog lossis seb tus lej ntawm cov ntsuas puas muaj. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib piv cov ntsuas tsis paub nrog cov ntsuas tus qauv ntawm tib yam, txiav txim siab qhov sib npaug ntawm cov ntsuas tus qauv ntsuas los ntawm pab pawg ntsuas, thiab qhia cov lej no.
Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev tshawb nrhiav, txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tsis yog tsuas yog kev tshuaj xyuas thiab ntsuas cov khoom tiav lossis cov khoom tiav ib nrab xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas, saib xyuas thiab tswj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom lossis cov khoom txav mus los kom nws nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws uas tib neeg xaiv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntes thiab ntsuas qhov loj me thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau yam kev ntsuas txhua lub sijhawm. Cov thev naus laus zis no ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab ntsuas cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov khoom txav mus los kuj tseem hu ua thev naus laus zis tshuaj xyuas engineering.
Muaj ob hom kev ntsuas: kev ntsuas ncaj qha thiab kev ntsuas tsis ncaj qha
Kev ntsuas ncaj qha yog ntsuas tus nqi ntsuas ntawm qhov nyeem ntawm lub 'meter' yam tsis muaj kev xam, xws li: siv lub ntsuas kub los ntsuas qhov kub, siv lub multimeter los ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob.
Kev ntsuas tsis ncaj qha yog ntsuas ntau yam khoom siv uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ntsuas, thiab xam tus nqi ntsuas los ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, lub zog P muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lub zog hluav taws xob V thiab tam sim no I, uas yog, P = VI, thiab lub zog yog xam los ntawm kev ntsuas lub zog hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no.
Kev ntsuas ncaj qha yog qhov yooj yim thiab yooj yim, thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv kev xyaum. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ntsuas ncaj qha tsis tau, kev ntsuas ncaj qha tsis yooj yim lossis qhov yuam kev ntsuas ncaj qha loj, kev ntsuas tsis ncaj qha siv tau.
Lub tswv yim ntawm photoelectric sensor thiab sensor
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub sensor yog hloov cov khoom uas tsis yog hluav taws xob mus rau hauv cov khoom hluav taws xob uas muaj kev sib raug zoo, uas yog qhov sib txuas ntawm lub kaw lus tsis yog hluav taws xob thiab lub kaw lus hluav taws xob. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kuaj pom thiab kev tswj hwm, lub sensor yog ib qho khoom siv hloov pauv tseem ceeb. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub zog, lub sensor tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: ib qho yog lub sensor tswj lub zog, tseem hu ua active sensor; lwm qhov yog lub sensor hloov pauv lub zog, tseem hu ua passive sensor. Lub sensor tswj lub zog txhais tau tias lub sensor yuav raug ntsuas rau hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob (xws li kev tiv thaiv, capacitance) kev hloov pauv, lub sensor yuav tsum ntxiv lub zog zoo siab, tuaj yeem ntsuas cov kev hloov pauv mus rau hauv voltage, tam sim no hloov pauv. Lub sensor hloov pauv lub zog tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov ntsuas mus rau hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm voltage thiab tam sim no, tsis muaj qhov chaw txhawb nqa sab nraud.
Feem ntau, qhov ntau uas tsis yog hluav taws xob uas yuav ntsuas tsis yog hom ntau uas tsis yog hluav taws xob uas lub sensor tuaj yeem hloov pauv, uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv ib lub cuab yeej lossis khoom siv ua ntej ntawm lub sensor uas tuaj yeem hloov qhov ntau uas tsis yog hluav taws xob uas ntsuas tau mus rau hauv qhov ntau uas tsis yog hluav taws xob uas lub sensor tuaj yeem txais thiab hloov pauv. Lub Cheebtsam lossis khoom siv uas tuaj yeem hloov qhov tsis yog hluav taws xob uas ntsuas tau mus rau hauv hluav taws xob muaj yog lub sensor. Piv txwv li, thaum ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob nrog lub ntsuas qhov tsis kam, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txuas lub ntsuas qhov siab rau lub ntsiab lus elastic ntawm lub siab muag, lub ntsiab lus elastic hloov qhov siab mus rau hauv lub zog nruj, thiab lub ntsuas qhov siab hloov lub zog nruj mus rau hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Ntawm no lub ntsuas qhov siab yog lub sensor, thiab lub ntsiab lus elastic yog lub sensor. Ob lub sensor thiab lub sensor tuaj yeem hloov qhov tsis yog hluav taws xob uas ntsuas tau txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis lub sensor hloov qhov tsis yog hluav taws xob uas ntsuas tau mus rau hauv qhov tsis yog hluav taws xob muaj, thiab lub sensor hloov qhov tsis yog hluav taws xob uas ntsuas tau mus rau hauv hluav taws xob.
2, lub koob yees duab hluav taws xobyog raws li cov nyhuv photoelectric, lub teeb liab rau hauv lub teeb liab hluav taws xob sensor, dav siv hauv kev tswj tsis siv neeg, aerospace thiab xov tooj cua thiab TV thiab lwm yam teb.
Cov khoom siv photoelectric feem ntau suav nrog photodiodes, phototransistors, photoresistors Cds, photocouplers, cov khoom siv photoelectric uas tau txais los ntawm kev yug los, photocells thiab cov khoom siv duab. Ib daim ntawv teev cov hom tseem ceeb tau qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no. Hauv kev siv tiag tiag, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv lub sensor tsim nyog kom ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig xav tau. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus xaiv dav dav yog:kev tshawb nrhiav photoelectric ceev ceevLub voj voog, ntau yam ntawm lub ntsuas qhov kaj, lub sensor laser ultra-high-speed yuav tsum xaiv photodiode; Lub sensor photoelectric yooj yim ntawm ntau txhiab Hertz thiab lub hloov pauv photoelectric qis-speed hauv lub voj voog yooj yim yuav tsum xaiv lub phototransistor; Txawm hais tias qhov ceev teb qeeb, lub sensor choj tsis kam nrog kev ua tau zoo thiab lub sensor photoelectric nrog cov khoom tsis kam, lub sensor photoelectric hauv lub voj voog teeb pom kev zoo ntawm lub teeb txoj kev, thiab qhov tsis kam hloov pauv uas hloov pauv raws li lub zog ntawm lub teeb yuav tsum xaiv Cds thiab Pbs cov ntsiab lus photosensitive; Rotary encoders, cov sensor ceev thiab cov sensor laser ultra-high-speed yuav tsum yog cov sensor photoelectric sib xyaw ua ke.
Hom photoelectric sensor Piv txwv ntawm photoelectric sensor
PN kev sib tshuamPN Photodiode(Si, Ge, GaAs)
PIN Photodiode (Si khoom)
Avalanche photodiode(Si, Ge)
Phototransistor (Lub raj PhotoDarlington) (Cov khoom siv Si)
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm photoelectric sensor thiab photoelectric thyristor (Si khoom)
Tsis yog pn junction photocell (khoom siv CdS, CdSe, Se, PbS)
Cov khoom siv thermoelectric (cov ntaub ntawv siv (PZT, LiTaO3, PbTiO3)
Lub raj xa hluav taws xob hom phototube, lub raj xa koob yees duab, lub raj xa photomultiplier
Lwm cov sensors rhiab xim (Si, α-Si cov ntaub ntawv)
Lub sensor duab khov kho (Si khoom, CCD hom, MOS hom, CPD hom
Qhov chaw nrhiav pom cov khoom (PSD) (Si khoom)
Photocell (Photodiode) (Si rau cov ntaub ntawv)
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-18-2023