Quantum kev sib txuas lus yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm quantum xov xwm technology. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov tsis pub leej twg paub, muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus loj, kev sib kis ceev ceev, thiab lwm yam. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas kev sib txuas lus classic tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Kev sib txuas lus quantum tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm tus kheej, uas tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab kom paub qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus ruaj ntseg, yog li quantum kev sib txuas lus tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv ntiaj teb. Kev sib txuas lus quantum siv lub xeev quantum ua cov ntaub ntawv qhia kom paub txog kev xa xov zoo. Nws yog lwm qhov kev hloov pauv hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev sib txuas lus tom qab xov tooj thiab kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag.
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm quantum kev sib txuas lus:
Quantum secret key faib:
Quantum secret key faib tsis yog siv los xa cov ntsiab lus zais cia. Tseem, nws yog los tsim thiab sib txuas lus cipher phau ntawv, uas yog, muab tus yuam sij ntiag tug rau ob sab ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm tus kheej, feem ntau hu ua quantum cryptography kev sib txuas lus.
Xyoo 1984, Bennett ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab brassart ntawm Canada tau tshaj tawm BB84 raws tu qauv, uas siv cov khoom siv quantum raws li cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau encode quantum xeev los ntawm kev siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb kom paub txog tiam thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov yuam sij zais cia. Nyob rau hauv 1992, Bennett tau thov B92 raws tu qauv raws li ob lub nonnorthogonal quantum xeev nrog yooj yim khiav thiab ib nrab efficiency. Ob qho tib si ntawm cov tswv yim no yog ua raws li ib lossis ntau pawg ntawm orthogonal thiab nonnorthogonal ib lub xeev quantum. Thaum kawg, xyoo 1991, Ekert ntawm UK tau thov E91 raws li ob-particle siab tshaj plaws entanglement xeev, uas yog EPR khub.
Xyoo 1998, lwm txoj kev sib txuas lus rau lub xeev quantum tau npaj rau kev xaiv polarization ntawm peb lub hauv paus conjugated uas muaj plaub lub xeev polarization thiab sab laug thiab kev sib hloov zoo hauv BB84 raws tu qauv. BB84 raws tu qauv tau raug pov thawj tias yog ib qho kev nyab xeeb kev faib tawm, uas tsis tau tawg los ntawm leej twg txog tam sim no. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm quantum uncertainty thiab quantum non-cloning kom nws ruaj ntseg kiag li. Yog li, EPR raws tu qauv muaj qhov tseem ceeb theoretical tus nqi. Nws txuas lub xeev quantum entangled nrog kev ruaj ntseg quantum kev sib txuas lus thiab qhib txoj kev tshiab rau kev ruaj ntseg quantum kev sib txuas lus.
quantum teleportation:
Txoj kev xav ntawm quantum teleportation tau npaj los ntawm Bennett thiab lwm tus kws tshawb fawb hauv rau lub teb chaws hauv xyoo 1993 yog hom kev sib kis ntawm quantum ntshiab uas siv cov channel ntawm ob-particle siab tshaj plaws entangled xeev kom xa tsis paub lub xeev quantum, thiab qhov kev vam meej ntawm teleportation yuav ncav cuag 100% [ 2].
Xyoo 199, a. Zeilinger pawg ntawm Austria ua tiav thawj qhov kev sim tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm quantum teleportation hauv chav kuaj. Nyob rau hauv ntau films, xws li ib tug zajlus feem ntau tshwm: ib tug mysterious daim duab dheev disappears nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw dheev zoo li nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, vim hais tias quantum teleportation ua txhaum lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm quantum non-cloning thiab Heisenberg tsis paub tseeb hauv quantum mechanics, nws tsuas yog ib hom ntawv tseeb hauv kev sib txuas lus classical.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb ntawm quantum entanglement yog nkag mus rau hauv kev sib txuas lus quantum, uas faib cov ntaub ntawv tsis paub quantum lub xeev cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus thawj hauv ob feem: quantum cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv classical, uas ua rau qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb no tshwm sim. Quantum cov ntaub ntawv yog cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau muab rho tawm hauv cov txheej txheem ntsuas, thiab cov ntaub ntawv classical yog qhov kev ntsuas thawj.
Kev nce qib hauv quantum kev sib txuas lus:
Txij li thaum xyoo 1994, quantum kev sib txuas lus tau maj mam nkag mus rau theem kev sim thiab tawm mus rau pem hauv ntej mus rau lub hom phiaj siv tau, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam. Xyoo 1997, Pan Jianwei, tus kws tshawb fawb hluas Suav, thiab hneev meister, tus kws tshawb fawb Dutch, tau sim thiab paub txog kev sib kis ntawm tej thaj chaw deb ntawm lub xeev quantum tsis paub.
Lub Plaub Hlis 2004, Sorensen et al. Pom tau 1.45km cov ntaub ntawv xa mus ntawm cov tsev txhab nyiaj thawj zaug los ntawm kev siv quantum entanglement faib, kos lub quantum kev sib txuas lus los ntawm kev sim mus rau theem ntawm daim ntawv thov. Tam sim no, quantum kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis tau ntxim nyiam los ntawm tsoomfwv, kev lag luam, thiab kev kawm. Qee lub tuam txhab nto moo thoob ntiaj teb tseem tab tom tsim kev lag luam ntawm quantum cov ntaub ntawv, xws li British xov tooj thiab Telegraph tuam txhab, tswb, IBM, ntawm & T lub chaw soj nstuam hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Toshiba tuam txhab hauv Nyiv, Siemens tuam txhab hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv Xyoo 2008, European Union qhov "kev ruaj ntseg kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb kev tsim kho network raws li quantum cryptography" teeb tsa 7-node kev sib txuas lus ruaj ntseg Ua qauv qhia thiab txheeb xyuas lub network.
Xyoo 2010, Time magazine ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau tshaj tawm txog kev ua tiav ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev 16 km quantum teleportation sim nyob rau hauv kem ntawm "cov xov xwm tawg" nrog lub npe ntawm "leap of China's Quantum Science," qhia tias Tuam Tshoj tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas lus quantum ntawm lub av thiab satellite [3] Nyob rau hauv 2010, lub teb chaws txawj ntse thiab kev sib txuas lus tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm Nyiv thiab Mitsubishi Electric thiab NEC, ID quantified ntawm Switzerland, Toshiba Europe Limited, thiab tag nrho cov Vienna ntawm Austria tsim lub rau lub nroog quantum kev sib txuas lus network "Tokyo QKD network" nyob rau hauv Tokyo. Lub network tsom mus rau qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm cov chaw tshawb fawb thiab cov tuam txhab nrog qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev loj hlob hauv quantum kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis hauv Nyiv thiab Europe.
Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj lub "Silicon Valley" - Beijing Zhongguancun, yog ib tug high-tech enterprise mob siab rau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub domestic thiab txawv teb chaws kev tshawb fawb cov koom haum, kev tshawb fawb institutes, universities thiab enterprise scientific kev tshawb fawb neeg ua hauj lwm. Peb lub tuam txhab feem ntau yog koom nrog kev tshawb fawb ywj pheej thiab kev tsim kho, tsim, tsim khoom, muag khoom ntawm optoelectronic cov khoom, thiab muab cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab thiab kev tshaj lij, kev pabcuam tus kheej rau cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshaj lij. Tom qab xyoo ntawm kev ywj pheej innovation, nws tau tsim ib tug nplua nuj thiab zoo meej series ntawm photoelectric khoom, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub nroog, tub rog, tsheb thauj mus los, hluav taws xob fais fab, nyiaj txiag, kev kawm, kev kho mob thiab lwm yam lag luam.
Peb tab tom tos ntsoov rau kev koom tes nrog koj!
Post lub sij hawm: May-05-2023