Cov ntsiab cai ua haujlwm thiab cov hom tseem ceeb ntawmlaser semiconductor
SemiconductorCov laser diodes, nrog lawv cov kev ua haujlwm siab, miniaturization thiab wavelength diversity, yog siv dav ua cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm optoelectronic technology hauv cov teb xws li kev sib txuas lus, kev kho mob thiab kev ua lag luam. Tsab xov xwm no ntxiv qhia txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm thiab hom semiconductor lasers, uas yooj yim rau kev xaiv siv ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb optoelectronic.
1. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub teeb ci ntawm semiconductor lasers
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm luminescence ntawm semiconductor lasers yog raws li cov qauv band, kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor. Cov khoom siv semiconductor yog ib hom khoom siv nrog bandgap, uas suav nrog valence band thiab conduction band. Thaum cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv lub xeev av, electrons sau lub valence band thaum tsis muaj electrons nyob rau hauv conduction band. Thaum ib qho hluav taws xob teb raug siv sab nraud lossis tam sim no raug txhaj tshuaj, qee cov electrons yuav hloov pauv los ntawm valence band mus rau conduction band, tsim cov electron-hole khub. Thaum lub sijhawm tso tawm lub zog, thaum cov electron-hole khub no raug txhawb los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud, photons, uas yog, lasers, yuav raug tsim.
2. Cov txheej txheem txhawb zog ntawm cov semiconductor lasers
Muaj peb txoj kev txhawb zog rau semiconductor lasers, uas yog hom kev txhaj tshuaj hluav taws xob, hom twj tso kua mis kho qhov muag thiab hom kev txhawb zog hluav taws xob siab.
Cov laser semiconductor uas raug txhaj hluav taws xob: Feem ntau, lawv yog cov diodes semiconductor surface-junction uas ua los ntawm cov khoom siv xws li gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium sulfide (CdS), indium phosphide (InP), thiab zinc sulfide (ZnS). Lawv raug txhawb los ntawm kev txhaj cov hluav taws xob raws txoj kev ncaj nraim, tsim cov pa tawm hauv thaj chaw sib txuas.
Lasers semiconductor uas siv lub tshuab nqus pa tawm los ntawm lub teeb: Feem ntau, cov siv lead ua los ntawm N-hom lossis P-hom semiconductor ib leeg (xws li GaAS, InAs, InSb, thiab lwm yam) yog siv ua cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, thiablasercov lasers uas lwm cov lasers tso tawm yog siv los ua qhov kev txhawb zog uas tau pumped los ntawm optically.
Cov laser semiconductor uas muaj zog heev: Feem ntau, lawv kuj siv N-hom lossis P-hom semiconductor ib leeg siv lead ua (xws li PbS, CdS, ZhO, thiab lwm yam) ua cov khoom siv ua haujlwm thiab raug txhawb los ntawm kev txhaj cov hluav taws xob muaj zog los ntawm sab nraud. Ntawm cov khoom siv laser semiconductor, qhov uas muaj kev ua tau zoo dua thiab daim ntawv thov dav dua yog GaAs diode laser uas txhaj hluav taws xob nrog ob chav heterostructure.
3. Cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov semiconductor lasers
Thaj Chaw Ua Haujlwm ntawm lub semiconductor laser yog thaj chaw tseem ceeb rau kev tsim photon thiab kev nthuav dav, thiab nws cov tuab tsuas yog ob peb micrometers xwb. Cov qauv waveguide sab hauv yog siv los txwv tsis pub muaj kev sib kis ntawm cov photons thiab txhim kho lub zog ceev (xws li cov ridge waveguides thiab faus heterojunctions). Lub laser txais yuav kev tsim lub dab dej kub thiab xaiv cov khoom siv thermal conductivity siab (xws li tooj liab-tungsten alloy) rau kev kub ceev dissipation, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv wavelength drift los ntawm overheating. Raws li lawv cov qauv thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov, semiconductor lasers tuaj yeem faib ua plaub pawg hauv qab no:
Laser Tawm Ntug (EEL)
Lub laser raug tso tawm los ntawm qhov chaw txiav ntawm sab ntawm lub nti, tsim ib qho chaw elliptical (nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm kwv yees li 30 ° × 10 °). Cov wavelengths ib txwm muaj xws li 808nm (rau kev twj), 980 nm (rau kev sib txuas lus), thiab 1550 nm (rau kev sib txuas lus fiber). Nws yog dav siv hauv kev txiav kev lag luam muaj zog, cov khoom siv laser twj, thiab kev sib txuas lus optical backbone networks.
2. Lub Tshuab Laser Tawm Qhov Ntsug (VCSEL)
Lub laser raug tso tawm perpendicularly rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub chip, nrog rau lub voj voog thiab symmetrical beam (divergence Angle <15°). Nws koom ua ke nrog lub distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau lub reflector sab nraud. Nws yog dav siv hauv 3D sensing (xws li lub xov tooj ntawm tes lub ntsej muag paub), kev sib txuas lus luv luv optical (cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv), thiab LiDAR.
3. Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL)
Raws li qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov electrons ntawm quantum Wells, qhov wavelength npog qhov nruab nrab-mus rau deb-infrared (3-30 μm), tsis tas yuav muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pej xeem. Photons raug tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv intersubband thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov xws li kev ntsuas roj (xws li kev kuaj pom CO₂), terahertz imaging, thiab kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig.
Lub laser tunable lub qhov tsim sab nraud (grating/prism/MEMS daim iav) tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov wavelength tuning ntau ntawm ± 50 nm, nrog rau txoj kab nqaim (<100 kHz) thiab qhov siab sab-hom tsis lees txais piv (> 50 dB). Nws feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov xws li kev sib txuas lus dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), spectral analysis, thiab biomedical imaging. Semiconductor lasers yog siv dav hauv kev sib txuas lus laser cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv cia digital laser, cov khoom siv ua laser, laser cim thiab ntim khoom siv, laser typesetting thiab luam ntawv, laser kho mob khoom siv, laser nrug thiab collimation nrhiav cov cuab yeej, laser cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv rau kev lom zem thiab kev kawm, laser Cheebtsam thiab qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam. Lawv yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam laser. Vim nws muaj ntau yam kev siv, muaj ntau hom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm lasers. Thaum ua qhov kev xaiv, nws yuav tsum raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab cov teb thov. Cov chaw tsim khoom sib txawv muaj cov ntawv thov sib txawv hauv ntau qhov teb, thiab kev xaiv cov chaw tsim khoom thiab lasers yuav tsum ua raws li qhov tseeb daim teb thov ntawm qhov project.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-05-2025