Cov optocouplers, uas txuas cov circuits siv cov teeb liab optical ua qhov nruab nrab, yog ib qho khoom siv ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw uas qhov kev ua haujlwm siab yog qhov tseem ceeb, xws li acoustics, tshuaj thiab kev lag luam, vim lawv muaj kev hloov pauv siab thiab kev ntseeg siab, xws li kev ruaj khov thiab kev rwb thaiv tsev.
Tiam sis thaum twg thiab nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej twg lub optocoupler ua haujlwm, thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tom qab nws yog dab tsi? Los yog thaum koj siv lub photocoupler hauv koj tus kheej cov haujlwm hluav taws xob, koj yuav tsis paub yuav xaiv thiab siv nws li cas. Vim tias optocoupler feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog "phototransistor" thiab "photodiode". Yog li ntawd, dab tsi yog photocoupler yuav raug qhia hauv tsab xov xwm no.
Lub photocoupler yog dab tsi?
Lub optocoupler yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob uas nws lub ntsiab lus yog optical
coupler, uas txhais tau tias "kev sib txuas nrog lub teeb." Qee zaum kuj hu ua optocoupler, optical isolator, optical insulation, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj lub teeb emitting element thiab lub teeb txais, thiab txuas lub input side circuit thiab output side circuit los ntawm optical signal. Tsis muaj kev sib txuas hluav taws xob ntawm cov circuits no, hais lwm yam lus, nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm insulation. Yog li ntawd, lub circuit kev sib txuas ntawm input thiab output yog sib cais thiab tsuas yog lub teeb liab raug xa mus. Txuas cov circuits nrog cov input thiab output voltage sib txawv, nrog high voltage insulation ntawm input thiab output.
Ntxiv mus, los ntawm kev xa lossis thaiv cov teeb liab no, nws ua haujlwm ua lub qhov hloov. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov txheej txheem ntxaws ntxaws yuav piav qhia tom qab, tab sis lub teeb ci ntsa iab ntawm lub photocoupler yog LED (lub teeb ci ntsa iab).
Txij li xyoo 1960 txog xyoo 1970, thaum cov teeb pom kev zoo LED tau tsim thiab lawv cov kev nce qib hauv kev siv tshuab tau tseem ceeb,kev siv hluav taws xob optoelectronicstau los ua ib qho kev vam meej. Lub sijhawm ntawd, ntau yamcov khoom siv kho qhov muagtau raug tsim tawm, thiab lub photoelectric coupler yog ib qho ntawm lawv. Tom qab ntawd, optoelectronics tau nkag mus rau hauv peb lub neej sai sai.
① Lub Ntsiab Cai/txheej txheem
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm optocoupler yog tias lub teeb-emitting element hloov cov teeb liab hluav taws xob nkag mus rau hauv lub teeb, thiab lub teeb-txais lub teeb xa cov teeb liab hluav taws xob rov qab mus rau sab nraud Circuit Court. Lub teeb-emitting element thiab lub teeb-txais lub teeb nyob rau sab hauv ntawm lub thaiv ntawm lub teeb sab nraud, thiab ob qho tib si nyob rau sab nraud kom xa lub teeb.
Cov khoom siv semiconductor siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog LED (light-emitting diode). Ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj ntau hom semiconductor siv rau hauv cov khoom siv txais teeb, nyob ntawm qhov chaw siv, qhov loj me sab nraud, tus nqi, thiab lwm yam, tab sis feem ntau, cov khoom siv feem ntau yog phototransistor.
Thaum tsis ua haujlwm, cov phototransistors nqa tsawg dua qhov tam sim no uas cov semiconductors ib txwm ua. Thaum lub teeb ci ntsa iab, cov phototransistor tsim lub zog photoelectromotive rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm P-hom semiconductor thiab N-hom semiconductor, cov qhov hauv N-hom semiconductor ntws mus rau hauv thaj tsam p, cov electron semiconductor dawb hauv thaj tsam p ntws mus rau hauv thaj tsam n, thiab tam sim no yuav ntws.
Cov phototransistors tsis teb tau zoo li cov photodiodes, tab sis lawv kuj muaj cov nyhuv ntawm kev ua kom cov zis tawm mus rau ntau pua txog 1,000 npaug ntawm cov teeb liab nkag (vim yog lub zog hluav taws xob sab hauv). Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj kev rhiab heev txaus los khaws txawm tias cov teeb liab tsis muaj zog, uas yog qhov zoo.
Qhov tseeb, tus "teeb thaiv teeb" uas peb pom yog ib lub cuab yeej hluav taws xob nrog tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab lub tshuab.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom cuam tshuam lub teeb feem ntau yog siv ua cov sensors thiab ua lawv lub luag haujlwm los ntawm kev hla cov khoom thaiv lub teeb ntawm lub teeb-emitting thiab lub teeb-txais. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem siv los ntes cov npib thiab cov ntawv nyiaj hauv cov tshuab muag khoom thiab ATMs.
② Cov yam ntxwv
Vim tias lub optocoupler xa cov teeb liab los ntawm lub teeb, qhov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm sab nkag thiab sab tso zis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev rwb thaiv tsev siab tsis yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm suab nrov, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv kev ntws tam sim no ntawm cov voj voog sib ze, uas zoo heev rau kev nyab xeeb. Thiab cov qauv nws tus kheej yog qhov yooj yim thiab tsim nyog.
Vim nws muaj keeb kwm ntev, cov khoom lag luam nplua nuj ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab tsim khoom kuj yog qhov zoo tshwj xeeb ntawm optocouplers. Vim tias tsis muaj kev sib cuag lub cev, qhov hnav ntawm cov khoom me me, thiab lub neej ntev dua. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv uas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo yooj yim hloov pauv, vim tias LED yuav maj mam ploj mus nrog lub sijhawm dhau mus thiab qhov kub hloov pauv.
Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sab hauv ntawm cov yas pob tshab ntev ntev, ua pos huab, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua lub teeb zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm li cas los xij, lub neej ntev dhau piv rau qhov sib cuag ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Cov phototransistors feem ntau qeeb dua li cov photodiodes, yog li lawv tsis siv rau kev sib txuas lus ceev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog qhov tsis zoo, vim tias qee qhov khoom muaj cov voj voog amplification ntawm sab tso zis kom nce qhov ceev. Qhov tseeb, tsis yog txhua lub voj voog hluav taws xob yuav tsum nce qhov ceev.
③ Siv
Cov khoom siv sib txuas duabfeem ntau yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm hloov. Lub voj voog yuav raug txhawb zog los ntawm kev tig lub khawm, tab sis los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov yam ntxwv saum toj no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab lub neej ntev, nws zoo rau cov xwm txheej uas xav tau kev ntseeg siab siab. Piv txwv li, suab nrov yog tus yeeb ncuab ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob thiab cov khoom siv suab / cov khoom siv sib txuas lus.
Nws kuj siv rau hauv cov tshuab tsav tsheb. Qhov laj thawj rau lub cev muaj zog yog tias qhov ceev yog tswj los ntawm lub inverter thaum nws tsav, tab sis nws tsim suab nrov vim yog qhov tso zis siab. Lub suab nrov no yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau lub cev muaj zog nws tus kheej ua tsis tiav, tab sis kuj ntws los ntawm "av" cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv sab nraud. Tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv nrog cov xov hluav taws xob ntev yooj yim khaws cov suab nrov siab no, yog li ntawd yog tias nws tshwm sim hauv lub Hoobkas, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev poob loj thiab qee zaum ua rau muaj xwm txheej loj. Los ntawm kev siv cov optocouplers insulated siab rau kev hloov pauv, qhov cuam tshuam rau lwm lub voj voog thiab cov khoom siv tuaj yeem txo qis.
Qhov thib ob, yuav ua li cas xaiv thiab siv optocouplers
Yuav siv cov optocoupler kom raug li cas rau kev siv hauv kev tsim khoom? Cov kws ua haujlwm tsim kho microcontroller hauv qab no yuav piav qhia txog yuav xaiv thiab siv cov optocouplers li cas.
① Ib txwm qhib thiab ib txwm kaw
Muaj ob hom photocouplers: ib hom uas lub qhov hloov raug kaw (tua) thaum tsis muaj hluav taws xob siv, ib hom uas lub qhov hloov raug qhib (tua) thaum muaj hluav taws xob siv, thiab ib hom uas lub qhov hloov raug qhib thaum tsis muaj hluav taws xob siv. Siv thiab tua thaum muaj hluav taws xob siv.
Tus thawj hu ua ib txwm qhib, thiab tus tom kawg hu ua ib txwm kaw. Yuav xaiv li cas, ua ntej tshaj plaws nyob ntawm seb koj xav tau hom circuit twg.
② Xyuas qhov tso zis tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob siv
Cov photocouplers muaj peev xwm ua kom lub teeb liab loj dua, tab sis tsis tas li dhau los ntawm lub zog thiab tam sim no raws li xav tau. Tau kawg, nws yog qhov ntsuas, tab sis lub zog yuav tsum tau siv los ntawm sab nkag raws li qhov tam sim no tso zis xav tau.
Yog tias peb saib daim ntawv qhia txog cov khoom, peb tuaj yeem pom daim duab qhia qhov twg qhov ntsug yog qhov tso zis tam sim no (collector tam sim no) thiab qhov kab rov tav yog qhov hluav taws xob nkag (collector-emitter voltage). Qhov hluav taws xob collector hloov pauv raws li qhov muaj zog ntawm lub teeb LED, yog li siv qhov hluav taws xob raws li qhov tso zis tam sim no xav tau.
Txawm li cas los xij, tej zaum koj yuav xav tias qhov tso zis tam sim no uas tau xam ntawm no yog qhov me me xav tsis thoob. Qhov no yog tus nqi tam sim no uas tseem tuaj yeem tso zis tau zoo tom qab coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm LED dhau sijhawm, yog li nws tsawg dua qhov ntsuas siab tshaj plaws.
Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj qee kis uas cov zis tam sim no tsis loj. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv optocoupler, nco ntsoov xyuas kom meej "cov zis tam sim no" thiab xaiv cov khoom uas phim nws.
③ Qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no
Qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no yog qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no uas lub optocoupler tuaj yeem tiv taus thaum ua haujlwm. Dua li no, peb yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias peb paub tias qhov project xav tau ntau npaum li cas thiab qhov input voltage yog dab tsi ua ntej peb yuav. Xyuas kom tseeb tias qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab tam sim no siv tsis yog kev txwv, tab sis muaj qee qhov margin.
④ Teem lub photocoupler kom raug
Tom qab xaiv tau lub optocoupler zoo lawm, cia peb siv nws rau hauv ib qho project tiag tiag. Kev teeb tsa nws tus kheej yooj yim heev, tsuas yog txuas cov terminals txuas nrog txhua lub circuit sab input thiab sab output circuit. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum ceev faj kom tsis txhob ua rau sab input thiab sab output tsis ncaj. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum xyuas cov cim hauv cov ntaub ntawv teev cia, kom koj yuav tsis pom tias lub photoelectric coupler ko taw tsis raug tom qab kos lub PCB board.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-29-2023