Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kub ceev, muaj peev xwm loj thiab dav bandwidth ntawm kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag xav tau kev sib koom ua ke siab ntawm cov khoom siv photoelectric. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev koom ua ke yog qhov miniaturization ntawm photoelectric li. Yog li ntawd, lub miniaturization ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob photoelectric yog qhov ua ntej thiab kub qhov chaw hauv kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, piv nrog cov tsoos optoelectronic thev naus laus zis, femtosecond laser micromachining technology yuav dhau los ua ib tiam tshiab ntawm optoelectronic device manufacturing technology. Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau tshawb nrhiav txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau yam ntawm kev kho qhov muag waveguide npaj tshuab thiab ua tau zoo.